城市绿地暴露与人群健康效应研究

城市绿地暴露与人群健康效应研究

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(42271299); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3800701)

Research review of urban green space exposure and its effects on human health

摘要:

城市绿地是城市绿色基础设施和基于自然解决方案的主要载体,为人群提供了多种生态系统服务,关注人群健康和绿地布局的城市绿地暴露研究已经成为城市生态学、城市可持续发展等学科的前沿热点。目前国内外城市绿地暴露与人群健康研究仍处在兴起的初步发展状态,缺乏有效和公认的研究范式。尝试通过暴露科学的视角,研究城市绿地暴露及其人群健康效应的研究的热点领域:(1)从城市人群的绿地暴露特征来看,绿地暴露研究与现有旨在预防和减少环境污染暴露风险的传统环境健康研究的视角有显著不同,其目标是充分理解人群的绿地暴露特征及其产生健康效应的机制,鼓励和提高人群与绿地的有效和有益接触,服务于城市绿地和健康社区营造的科学规划和决策。(2)从城市绿地暴露的量化表征来看,现有的多种绿地暴露评价指标包括绿地可得性、绿地可及性和绿地可视性等多是表征了绿地的供给状况,并非直接的绿地暴露过程描述,未来可以结合城市人群的绿地暴露时空动态模式,参照总暴露数学方程来综合量化不同途径、访问周期、暴露时长等因素。(3)从城市绿地暴露的人群健康效应机制来看,现有绿地暴露的健康效应机制研究获得的通用理论性成果还不多,面临的挑战主要是:不同绿地健康效应研究采用的暴露特征指标不同,绿地暴露特征影响人群健康存在显著的尺度性,以及缺乏统一的绿地暴露健康效应调查方法。绿地在城市规划和建设中的作用尤其突出,但绿地的人群健康促进功能在我国城市规划和建设中还鲜有应用,作为城市生态学与环境风险、公共健康以及可持续发展的交叉前沿领域,相关成果将为指导健康导向的可持续城市/社区规划与建设提供直接的科学依据与理论支撑。

Abstract:

Urban green spaces are the principal manifestation of urban green infrastructure and nature-based solutions (NBS), providing diverse ecosystem services for citizens. Urban green space exposure research focusing on human health and green spaces pattern has emerged as a hotspot in urban ecology and sustainable urban development disciplines. Currently, exposure to human health in urban green spaces is preliminary, lacking valid and acknowledged research paradigms. This paper attempts to review research milestones and advances in green space exposure and human health from the perspective of exposure science. (1) From the perspective of urban green space exposure characteristics, green space exposure research is significantly different from the perspective of existing traditional environmental health research which aimed at preventing and reducing the exposure risk of environmental pollution. Its goal is to fully understand the characteristics of green space exposure and the mechanism of its health effects, and encourage and improve the effective and beneficial contact between urban residents and green space, serving the scientific planning and decision-making of urban green space and healthy community construction. (2) From the quantitative representation of urban green space exposure, the existing multiple green space exposure indicators, including green space availability, green space accessibility, and green space visibility, mostly represent the supply status of green space, rather than the direct description of the urban residents’ green space exposure process. In the future, we can refer to the total exposure mathematical equation to comprehensively quantify different approaches, visit periods, exposure duration, and other factors based on spatiotemporal dynamic model of urban green space exposure. (3) From the perspective of the health effect mechanism of urban green space exposure, the current research on the health effect mechanism of green space exposure has not obtained many general theoretical results. The main challenges are: the exposure characteristic indicators used in different green space health effects research being different, the green space exposure affecting the health of people with significant scale effect, and the lack of unified green space exposure investigation methods. The role of green space in urban planning and construction is particularly prominent, but the population health promotion function of green space is rarely applied in urban planning and construction in China. Urban green space exposure and human health effect are the frontier fields of urban ecology and environmental risk, public health and sustainable development. Relevant achievements will provide directly scientific basis and theoretical support for guiding the health-oriented sustainable urban/community planning and construction.

吝涛,曾志伟,姚霞,耿红凯,余兆武,王兰,林美霞,张浚茂,郑毅诚.城市绿地暴露与人群健康效应研究.生态学报,2023,43(23):10013~10021

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