健康风险评估接口2

Abstract The use of fats with a low melting point is attractive to the food industry, as it contributes to improving the texture, color and stability characteristics of the food. These fats are obtained from vegetable oils through some processes such as hydrogenation or interesterification. However, the partial hydrogenation process leads to the formation of trans fat. In several countries, actions have been taken to eliminate the presence of elaidic acid, a trans fatty acid (C18: 1t) from processed foods. This trans fatty acid and palmitic acid, a common saturated fatty acid (C16: 0) are proven to be atherogenic. The aim of this work was to evaluate the composition of fatty acids of 39 types of commercialized foods in Brazil, including cookies, snacks, wafers, instant noodles, frozen sandwiches and pizzas, mixtures for food preparation, microwave popcorn, margarines, spreadable cheeses and pastry dough. The lipids were extracted and their Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) identified by Gas-Chromatography (GC). The fatty acids found in greater quantity were oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids; whereas the trans fatty acids were detected in 51.3% of the samples. On the other hand, when trans fast were reduced in some foods, it could be observed increases in the palmitic acid (C16:0) content. This high content of palmitic acid is justified by the addition of palm oil and its derivatives, which can be used in interesterified oil mixtures or can be directly used in industrialized food formulations, even without interesterification. Governments and organizations in favor of human health should be aware that the use of dietary fatty acids which compromise the atherogenic index is not a healthy alternative. Consumers should therefore be alerted to the risk of consuming foods containing these fats until the food industry is banned from using them or finds healthier alternatives for making food.

Record of 124 experiments vaping marijuana in a dedicated room of an inhabited house. Three continuous monitoring instruments were used to measure PM2.5 concentrations. The Piezobalance is a research-grade instrument measuring mass accumulation directly on a quartz surface. The SidePak and the PurpleAir sensor are optical particle monitors providing number counts; with assumed density of the aerosol, the PM2.5 mass can be determined. The SidePak was calibrated against a gravimetric method and found to have a calibration factor (CF) of 0.35 for the exhaled aerosol mixture. An alternative method was developed for the PurpleAir monitor to avoid the "black box" nature of the two dataseries (CF1 and CF ATM) offered by the sensor manufacturers. This method, which is standard among researchers working with other instruments offering sub-2.5 um size categories, performed better by various measures than either the CF1 or CF ATM series. Source strengths (emission factors) were found to depend strongly on the heating time for the vape pen, Longer heating times (15 seconds vs. 6 seconds) were found to elevate the source strength fromabout 2.4 mg?puff to about 78 mg/puff. These can be compared to a typical tobacco cigarette of 1.4 mg/puff. Human exposures would depend mainly on the frequency of vaping, but under certain conditions, they could approach or exceed the outdoor annual standard of 12 ug/m3 or the outdoor 24-h standard of 35 ug/m3.

Hypothesis: higher AUDIT scores are associated with increased risk of injuries among commercial motorcycle drivers in Dar es Salaam. Our data shows a four fold increase in risk among risky drinkers compared with non-drinkers. Structured questionnaire was used to data from motorcyclists and recorded in RedCap. Data was then exported into Excel and entered into Stata

Concentration and distribution of heavy metals in a soil-wheat-scalp hair system near a lead smelter.

应用大气化学模式模拟的未来气候情景RCP（Representative Concentration Pathways）8.5下2025-2030中国地区健康风险评估数据集，水平分辨率为10km，时间分辨率为1小时

Research hypothesis: “Environmental occurrence and health risk assessment of arsenic in a Middle East country as a systematic review and meta-analysis study”. Iran is the third most populous state with over 82 million people in the Middle East. In Iran like many other countries, geogenic arsenic contamination could affect environmental and human health in some areas. The first case of chronic arsenic poisoning was recognized in Kurdistan province (west of Iran) in 1986. Then, other areas in Iran where there is arsenic contamination continue to be discovered. However, despite a body of valuable works investigating arsenic distribution in various environmental media, there is no comprehensive picture for Iran. So, our study aimed to establish a database and use systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify multimedia arsenic concentrations in this country. In order to better understand which media are more contributing to arsenic exposure of the national population, human health risk assessment was conducted. We think the information will be interesting for readers.

Publications presenting hazard ratios of dementia in the patients with an attribute X (gender, race, anxiety, hypertension etc.)

Data on the levels of organophosphates and organochlorines in milk from three area of Kenya

The overall purpose of this project was the identification and selection of relevant literature to gather information on chemical identification and characterisation, sources and occurrence in food as well as data on toxicokinetics and toxicity of N-nitrosocompounds in order to support the preparatory work for the human health risk assessment of this type of substances.

Familiarity with the use of face coverings to reduce the risk of respiratory disease has increased during the coronavirus pandemic; however, recommendations for their use outside of the pandemic remains limited. Here, we develop a modeling framework to quantify the potential health benefits of wearing a face covering or respirator to mitigate exposure to severe air pollution. This framework accounts for the wide range of available face coverings and respirators, fit factors and efficacy, air pollution characteristics, and exposure-response data. Our modeling shows that N95 respirators offer robust protection against different sources of air pollution, reducing exposure by more than a factor of 14 when worn with a leak rate of 5%. Synthetic-fiber masks offer less protection with a strong dependence on aerosol size distribution (protection factors ranging from 4.4 to 2.2.), while natural-fiber and surgical masks offer reductions in exposure of 1.9 and 1.7, respectively. To assess the ability of face coverings to provide population-level health benefits to wildfire smoke, we perform a case study for the 2012 Washington state fire season. Our models suggest that although natural-fiber masks offer minor reductions in respiratory hospitalizations attributable to smoke (2-11%) due to limited filtration efficiency, N95 respirators and to a lesser extent surgical and synthetic-fiber masks may lead to notable reductions in smoke-attributable hospitalizations (22-39%, 9-24%, and 7-18%, respectively). The filtration efficiency, bypass rate, compliance rate (fraction of time and population wearing the device) are the key factors governing exposure reduction potential and health benefits during severe air pollution events.

Bugs code for multilevel model for radon with bsmt as an individual predictor

The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination status of heavy metals in fish in the Dongjiang River Basin. 34 points of major fish (Hemiculter, pangasius, mahi-mahi, Mozambique tilapia, Qi's tilapia, and fine-scale channel catfish) were collected from the Dongjiang River Basin in 2021. The main experimental methods were the removal of liver parts from fish and microwave digestion followed by LC-ICP-MS measurement of Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Mn, Cr and Ni using a high performance liquid phase inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The test results showed that the levels of Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Mn, Cr and Ni in fish from the entire Dongjiang basin in 2021 ranged from nd~49.99, nd~1.82, nd~0.09, nd~0.32, nd~43.92, 0.47~1.72 and nd~1.14 mg-kg-1 respectively, with mean values of 22.74, 1.01, 0.03, 0.05, 20.6, 0.97 and 0.22 mg-kg-1, respectively, which did not exceed the limits in the National Food Safety Standards for Contaminants in Food. The results of the single-factor pollution index and the composite pollution index also showed that the heavy metal contamination level of the fine-scale catfish was light and the other five fish species were non-polluting. The results of the single and multiple heavy metal composite hazard factors showed that the TTHQ values of all six fish species were less than 1, indicating that there was no potential health risk to the exposed population for these six fish species in the Dongjiang basin.

This study was conducted to determine oxalate content in tea samples and study the effect of steeping duration on the oxalate content. One-hundred and twenty samples of both leaf and bag forms of tea-white, green, oolong, and black teas from 40 brands-were purchased from markets in Thailand from February to June 2011. The oxalate content was measured by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The results showed that in leaf form, the highest oxalate content was found in black tea (2.32 ± 1.10 mg/g tea), then in oolong tea (1.62 ± 0.79 mg/g tea), green tea (1.41 ± 0.56 mg/g tea) and lowest in white tea (1.29 ± 0.33 mg/g tea). In bag form, the oxalate content in black tea (2.37 ± 0.80 mg/g tea) was higher than that of oolong tea (1.88 ± 1.04 mg/g tea). The amount of oxalate in green tea (1.24 ± 0.48 mg/g tea) was comparable with that of white tea (1.25 ± 0.45 mg/g tea). The forms (leaf or bag) of tea did not have significant influence on the amount of oxalate. Steeping the tea for a longer duration provided more oxalate content. People with high risk of kidney stones should avoid drinking high amounts of black tea. Steeping tea for a short duration is also recommended for limiting oxalate intake.

The data set consists of sixteen attributes or the indicators of the health risks considered as the highly relevant set of indicators. Demographically the dataset consists of subjects residing in North India. Subjects (male as well as females) suffering from life style issues such as hypertension, over weight , obesity were targeted and their age ranges from 23 years to 80 years. (Inclusion and exculation) The total number of instances are 200. Out of these 50% are healthy and 50% unhealthy as per their medical condition. The dataset does not contain any missing or non-relevant values.

The STEPS Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors Survey uses a survey methodology developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to help countries establish noncommunicable disease surveillance systems. Some surveys are conducted at the country level and others at the subnational level. The methodology prescribes three steps—questionnaire, physical measurements, and biochemical measurements. Core topics covered by most surveys are demographics, health status, and health behaviors. These provide data on socioeconomic risk factors and metabolic, nutritional, and lifestyle risk factors. Details may differ from country to country and from year to year.

This dataset was generated in a study aimed at creating an instrument to assess risk perception for tobacco products. This dataset includes item location statistics for PRI Health and Addiction Risk Items.

应用大气化学模式模拟的未来气候情景RCP（Representative Concentration Pathways）8.5下2045-2050中国地区健康风险评估数据集，水平分辨率为10km，时间分辨率为1小时

The study data was collected in the western regions of Ghana where gold mining activities are rampant. The specific cities where where respondents were sampled are Akontombra, Asafo, Bibiani, Bodi, Joaboso, Sefwi Bekwai, and Wiawso. The exposure factors through cassava, maize, rice, tomato, and yam diets were determined using dietary recall survey. The exposure factors were exposure frequency, exposure duration, mass of food and consumers' body weight. The body weight of consumers of consumers were measured using a balance. In all 308 consumers responded positively to the survey. Following US EPA guidance, The @Risk (Palisade, 2018) was used to fit the exposure factors to distribution in MS Excel (Microsoft Office 2016). This data set consists of the minimum, maximum, mode, mean, 5th and 95th percentiles of commonly consumed indigenous diets. The distribution parameters were reported in this dataset.

Radon is a natural radioactive gas, which enters buildings from the ground. The joint UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) (formerly Public Health England (PHE) ) - British Geological Survey (BGS)...

Multielement (48) analysis was carried out of various fish species collected from river Buriganga, the most polluted river in Bangladesh to assess human health risk by toxic elements. Sixteen elements that is, Be, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb, Bi, and U, were taken into account due to their toxicities on human health. Results show that concentrations of elements in various fish species were higher in winter than those in monsoon. Among 16 elements, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba, Pb were above Food Safety Guideline in some fishes in winter. THQ and TTHQ/HI values were less than 1 for all fishes in monsoon while THQ and TTHW/HI values were more than 1 for most of fishes in winter. These results suggesting non-carcinogenic health hazard through consumption of contaminated fishes. Only As showed low cancer risk while no cancer risk was observed for other toxic elements in monsoon. In winter, Pb showed only moderate cancer risk for Mystus vittatus (site-7) while for other fishes low cancer risk was found by Pb. It can therefore be concluded that there is human health risk in consuming of fishes collected from river Buriganga especially in winter.

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