远程心理健康服务：应用、优势及挑战

摘要：

远程心理服务(Telepsychology)是利用远程通讯技术提供心理服务的新兴心理服务方式, 虽然在COVID-19疫情期间得到了广泛应用, 但仍缺乏相关行业应用规范及专业培训体系。现有的远程心理服务三维模型以应用环境、应用领域、应用方式为服务框架, 结合九个应用领域开展远程心理服务。我们根据已有研究提出了以咨询师、治疗方法、远程技术手段为主要因素、以来访者为中心的远程心理服务应用模型。人工智能在远程心理服务领域的应用主要包括三个方面：机器学习与人工神经网络、自然语言处理与情感分析、虚拟现实与增强现实。目前, 远程心理服务正以蓬勃的态势极速发展：其在提高心理服务督导效率、减少服务成本等方面有着显著优势, 同时在心理服务从业人员对远程心理服务的接受度、来访者的适应性、重视程度方面也面临着挑战。未来远程心理服务可以在监管体系、从业者培训、远程应用技术三个方面进行深入探索。

关键词: 远程心理服务, 心理健康, 网络心理咨询

Abstract:

Telepsychology service can allow experienced psychological service providers to quickly shift their attention to the places that need them most at any time. As an example, for the mental health problems during the current COVID-19 pandemic, telepsychology service enables psychiatrists to offer immediate help, and to improve the efficiency of psychological service. China's telepsychology service has been in its early times until the COVID-19 pandemic that enforces self-quarantine for the majority of the population. In this process, two key problems have also been exposed: first, without standard norms, there is only some consensus in the industry put forward by the psychological community to refer to, which has limited authority and binding force; Second, most of the telepsychology providers in China are not professionally trained, and the traditional face-to-face intervention technology obviously cannot be conducted to provides distance service. After combing the previous telepsychology service research, we found that counselors, treatment methods and remote service methodologies are the three most important factors in the development of telepsychology service. We then creatively established a visitor-centered telepsychology service application model, which emphasizes the comprehensive role of counselors, treatment methods and remote service methodologies in telepsychology service. When visitors request telepsychology services, the interaction between factors and the interaction between factors and visitors affect the therapeutic effect of telepsychology services. Artificial intelligence also plays an important role in improving telepsychology service. It can be utilized in providing remote mental health assistance, participating in face-to-face treatment, assisting counselors in remote intervention, etc. All applied artificial intelligence techniques are combined with different telepsychology service situations, to continuously optimize the psychological service process and improve the quality of psychological service. At present, the advantages of telepsychology service are reflected in three aspects: effectiveness, convenience, and economy. Firstly, the intervention of telepsychology service on mental health problems is practical and effective, and the treatment quality is equivalent to the traditional face-to-face mental health service. For psychological practitioners who live in remote areas and engage in psychological counseling, the convenience of telepsychology services has brought solutions to their concerns of counseling and visiting relationship. Compared with traditional face-to-face psychological counseling, it is easier for visitors, psychological service staff and psychological counselors in telepsychology service to coordinate. When formulating the psychological counseling program, the place and time that visitors can make an appointment are more flexible, which can improve the efficiency of psychological counseling and reduce the waiting time. However, there are still challenges in three aspects: acceptance, privacy, and adaptability. Psychological service providers' acceptance of telepsychology service depends on their understanding of its effectiveness, flexibility and convenience and their expectation of service quality. At the same time, privacy security is also a concern that telepsychology services need to pay attention to. Consulting institutions need to establish protection protocols for customers’ privacy and remind them to pay attention to their privacy in an eye-catching position on the home page of the institutions’ website. With the gradual promotion of 5G technology, the key methodology of mental health care in the future are likely to include video conferencing, intelligent mobile devices, cloud computing, etc. This emerging technology provides unlimited development prospects for limited mental health services.

Key words: telepsychology service, mental health, online psychological counseling.

中图分类号: 

R395

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