“Wellness”健康模型及测评研究综述

摘要:正确的健康认知是谋求健康和评价健康的基础。系统回顾了“Wellness”健康概念、维度模型及测评方法，旨在丰富中国健康学理论体系，引导大众树立全面且可持续发展的健康观念，以促进人类健康行为发展。“Wellness”健康模型以“身体健康、情绪健康、精神健康”为核心层，“社交健康、职业健康、智能健康、财政健康”为中间层，“环境健康、文化健康”为最外层，九个维度的关系相辅相成、相互作用、相互影响。针对“Wellness”的测评方法以主观评估为主、客观测评为辅，且侧重于健康模型核心层的评价。

Abstract:An accurate health perception is the foundation for seeking and assessing well-being. The study systematically reviewed the concept of wellness, the dimensional model, and assessment methods, with the aims to enrich the theoretical system of health science in China, and guide the public to establish a comprehensive and sustainable concept of wellness, so as to promote the development of human wellness behaviors. The "Wellness" health model takes "physical wellness, emotional wellness, and spiritual wellness" as the core layer, " social wellness, occupational wellness, intellectual wellness, and financial wellness" as the intermediate layer, and "environmental wellness, and cultural wellness" as the outermost layer. The nine dimensions of the model are mutually complementary, interacting, and influencing each other. "Wellness" is measured primarily by subjective evaluations, supplemented by objective tests, and focuses on the core layer of the health model.

图 1 文献筛选流程图

图 2 “Wellness”健康维度模型

表 1 “Wellness”健康维度模型发展及演变

作者及年份 Wellness维度模型 Dunn (1959年)[4] 4-生理、认知、精神、社交 Ardell (1977年)[24] 4-身体、情绪、社交、精神 Lafferty (1979年)[20] 5-身体、情绪、精神、社交、智能 Hettler (1976年)[25] 6-身体、情绪、精神、社交、职业、智能 Roscoe (2009年)[3] 7-身体、精神、情绪、社交、智能、职业、环境 Thompson (2012年)[26] 8-身体健康、精神性、关系维护、自尊、自我意识
与责任感、风险预防、持续性、医疗保健 Hoeger (2018年)[13]1 9-身体、情绪、精神、社交、智能、
文化、环境、财务、职业[1]

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THOMPSON H J, DEMIRIS G, RUE T, et al. A Holistic Wellness Assessment for Young Adults: Psychometric Analysis[J]. J Holist Nuts, 2012, 30(4): 235-243.

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