青少年晚期大学生体质指数与健康相关体能关系

摘要:

目的  探讨青少年晚期大学生体质指数（BMI）与健康相关体能的关系，为青少年的健康促进提供参考依据。

方法  收集广西师范大学2017 — 2021年30523名大一学生《国家学生体质健康测定》数据资料，分析青少年晚期大学生BMI与健康相关体能的关联性。

结果  30523名青少年晚期大学生的平均BMI为（20.46 ± 2.89），正常体重率、低体重率、超重率和肥胖率分别为82.4%、7.5%、7.6%和2.5%；7 407名男生的平均BMI为（21.51 ± 3.47），正常体重率、低体重率、超重率和肥胖率分别为71.8%、9.1%、13.3%和5.8%；23 116名女生的平均BMI为（20.13 ± 2.59），正常体重率、低体重率、超重率和肥胖率分别为85.8%、7.0%、5.8%和1.4%。男生低体重组、超重组和肥胖组的体能指数（PFI）分别为（0.006 ± 2.719）、（– 1.823 ± 2.995）和（– 4.621 ± 3.268），均低于正常体重组PFI的（0.708 ± 2.946）（均P < 0.01）；女生超重组和肥胖组的PFI分别为（– 1.677 ± 2.944）和（– 3.787 ± 3.425），均低于正常体重组PFI的（0.177 ± 2.974）（均P < 0.01）。青少年晚期大学生PFI与体质指数呈二次曲线关系，当男生BMI为18.0、女生BMI为17.3时，PFI值分别为0.845和0.215，均为最大值。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示，男生低体重组、超重组和肥胖组PFI低分风险分别为正常体重组的1.82倍（OR = 1.82，95%CI = 1.49 ～ 2.22）、5.20倍（OR = 5.20，95%CI = 4.09～6.61）和16.81倍（OR = 16.81，95%CI = 9.21～ 30.68），女生低体重组、超重组和肥胖组PFI低分风险分别为正常体重组的1.21倍（OR = 1.21，95%CI = 1.07～1.36）、3.10倍（OR = 3.10，95%CI = 2.59～3.70）和8.13倍（OR = 8.13，95%CI = 4.76～13.91）。

结论  维持正常的BMI水平是保证青少年晚期大学生体能的基础；体重不足或体重过重对健康相关体能均具有负面影响，其中超重和肥胖降低体能的危害更为严重。

Abstract:

Objective   To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health-related physical fitness among late adolescent college students, and to provide evidence for adolescent health promotion.

Methods  The data on 30523 first-year college students of Guangxi Normal University were collected from the National Student Physical Fitness Surveillance conducted annually from 2017 to 2021 for examining the association between body mass index (BMI) and health-related physical fitness among the students.

Results   The mean BMI for all the students aged 18.3 ± 0.3 years was 20.46 ± 2.89 (21.51 ± 3.47 for 7407 males, 20.13 ± 2.59 for 23116 females). Of the male students, 71.8%, 9.1%, 13.3%, and 5.8% were assessed as having normal weight (BMI > 17.8 and < 24.0), underweight (BMI ≤ 17.8), overweight (BMI ≥ 24.0 and < 28.0), and obesity (BMI ≥ 28.0); of the female students, 85.8%, 7.0%, 5.8%, and 1.4% were having normal weight (BMI > 17.1 and < 24.0), underweight (BMI ≤ 17.1), overweight, and obesity; while for all the students, those proportions were 82.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, and 2.5%, respectively. The physical fitness index (PFI) of the male students with underweight (0.006 ± 2.719), overweight (– 1.823 ± 2.995) or obesity (– 4.621 ± 3.268) were significantly lower than that of the students with normal weight (0.708 ± 2.946) (all P < 0.01); the PFI of the female students with overweight (– 1.677 ± 2.944) or obesity (– 3.787 ± 3.425) were significantly lower than that of the students with normal weight (0.177 ± 2.974) (both P < 0.01). There exists a quadratic curve relationship between PFI and BMI for the students, with the maximum PFI values of 0.845 and 0.215 corresponding to the BMI of 18.0 and 17.3 for the male and female students. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that compared to those with normal weight, the underweight, overweight, and obese students were at an increased risk of having low PFI, with the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.82 (1.49 – 2.22), 5.20 (4.09 – 6.61), and 16.81 (9.21 – 30.68) for the males and 1.21 (1.07 – 1.36), 3.10 (2.59 – 3.70), and 8.13 (4.76 – 13.91) , respectively.

Conclusion  In late adolescent college students, maintaining a normal BMI is the basis for ensuring physical fitness; both underweight and overweight could exert an adverse effect on health-related physical fitness and the adverse effect of overweight and obesity are much stronger.

图  1   PFI与BMI的二次曲线关系

表  1   不同BMI分组青少年晚期大学生体能指标及PFI比较（$bar x pm s$）

性别BMI分组立定跳远(cm)坐位体前屈(cm)男引体向上(次)/
女1分钟仰卧起坐(次)50 m跑(s)男1000 m跑(s)/女800 m跑(s)PFI 男生正常体重224.2 ± 20.314.3 ± 7.08.0 ± 5.37.5 ± 0.6244.7 ± 26.20.708 ± 2.946低体重220.7 ± 20.0 a12.4 ± 7.0 a8.3 ± 5.17.7 ± 0.6 a248.9 ± 24.7 a0.006 ± 2.719 a超重211.1 ± 19.6 a13.5 ± 7.1 a3.9 ± 4.1 a7.9 ± 0.6 a261.0 ± 31.7 a– 1.823 ± 2.995 a肥胖198.2 ± 21.1 a12.1 ± 7.0 a2.2 ± 3.8 a8.4 ± 0.8 a291.8 ± 43.0 a– 4.621 ± 3.268 aF 值300.7526.78325.295272.48431.42577.56P 值< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001女生正常体重167.3 ± 15.917.8 ± 6.032.8 ± 7.99.3 ± 0.7236.3 ± 23.70.177 ± 2.974低体重169.0 ± 15.816.3 ± 6.3 a32.0 ± 7.9 a9.2 ± 0.7236.2 ± 26.0– 0.014 ± 2.917超重159.3 ± 16.5 a17.3 ± 5.8 a31.4 ± 7.4 a9.7 ± 0.8 a250.0 ± 28.3 a– 1.677 ± 2.944 a肥胖155.1 ± 17.5 a16.0 ± 5.9 a29.3 ± 7.5 a10.1 ± 0.9 a271.5 ± 36.8 a– 3.787 ± 3.425 aF 值174.5341.0237.77247.08349.37342.95P 值< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001< 0.001 　　注：a 与正常体重组比较，P < 0.01。 [1]

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