番石榴不同部位乙醇提取物的抗氧化、降血糖及酪氨酸酶抑制活性

摘要: 目的：比较研究番石榴不同部位（根、茎、叶、果实）乙醇提取物抗氧化、降血糖和抑制酪氨酸酶活性。方法：分别采用ABTS法和DPPH法、pNPG法和DNS法、L-DOPA法评价番石榴不同部位抗氧化活性、降血糖活性和酪氨酸酶抑制活性。结果：番石榴不同部位乙醇提取物均具有一定的体外抗氧化、降血糖和酪氨酸酶抑制活性，并呈现一定的量效关系。番石榴各部位中，番石榴根乙醇提取物的抗氧化、降血糖和抑制酪氨酸酶活性均强于其他部位。番石榴根对DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力与维生素C接近，清除能力IC50值分别为：(8.45±0.12)、(0.09±0.002) mg/mL，且其对α-淀粉酶和酵母菌来源α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性强于阿卡波糖，抑制活性的IC50值分别为：(0.10±0.02)、(8.74±0.25) μg/mL；而对小鼠小肠来源α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性弱于阿卡波糖；对酪氨酸酶抑制活性弱于维生素C。结论：番石榴根乙醇提取物的抗氧化、降血糖和酪氨酸酶抑制活性最强，表明番石榴根是潜在抗氧化剂和α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶和酪氨酸酶抑制剂的来源。

关键词: 番石榴  /  抗氧化  /  降血糖  /  酪氨酸酶  

Abstract: Objective: The antioxidant, hypoglycemic and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of ethanol extracts of different parts (root, stem, leave and fruit) from Psidium guajava L. were compared. Methods: The free radical scavenging were determined by DPPH and ABTS method. The hypoglycemic activities were determined by pNPG and DNS method. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity was determined by L-DOPA method. Results: The ethanol extracts of different parts from Psidium guajava L. had certain antioxidant, hypoglycemic activities and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, and there were dose effect relationship. The ethanol extracts of the root from Psidium guajava L. had the strongest activity, and its free radical scavenging of ABTS+ and DPPH was close to VC, its IC50 values of the scavenging ability of ABTS+ and DPPH free radicals were (8.45±0.12), (0.09±0.002) mg/mL, and its inhibitory strength on yeast α-glucosidase and α-amylase was higher than that of positive control acarbose. And its IC50 values of the inhibitory activity on α-amylase and yeast α-glucosidase were: (0.10±0.02), (8.74±0.25) μg/mL, and the inhibitory activity of tyrosinase was weaker than VC. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the root from Psidium guajava L. had the highest antioxidant, hypoglycemic activities and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, which suggested that the root from Psidium guajava L. is a potential inhibitors resource of antioxidant, α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase.

图  1   样品对DPPH自由基的清除作用

Figure  1.   Effect of samples on scavenging rate for DPPH radical

图  2   样品对ABTS+自由基的清除作用

Figure  2.   Effect of samples on scavenging rate for ABTS+ radical

图  3   样品对酵母菌来源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

Figure  3.   Inhibition of samples on yeast α-glucosidase

图  4   样品对小鼠小肠来源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

Figure  4.   Inhibition of samples on α-glucosidase from small intestine in mice

图  5   样品对α-淀粉酶抑制活性

Figure  5.   Inhibition of samples on α-amylase

图  6   样品对酪氨酸酶抑制活性

Figure  6.   Inhibition of samples on tyrosinase

表  1   样品对DPPH自由基清除作用的IC50值

Table  1   IC50 value of the scavenging effect of the samples on DPPH radical

指标番石榴根番石榴茎番石榴叶番石榴果实维生素C IC50
（μg/mL）8.45±0.1217.54±0.0534.68±0.21−8.63±0.07 注：“−”表示在实验质量浓度下未检出IC50值，表2~表5同。

表  2   样品对ABTS+自由基清除作用的IC50值

Table  2   IC50 value of the scavenging effect of the samples on ABTS+ radical

指标根茎叶果实维生素C IC50
（mg/mL）0.09±0.0020.18±0.020.26±0.03−0.08±0.001

表  3   样品对酵母菌来源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的IC50值

Table  3   IC50 value of the samples for inhibition on yeast α-glucosidase

指标根茎叶果实阿卡波糖 IC50（μg/mL）8.74±0.2522.21±0.3744.65±1.21650.60±3.142841.80±4.05

表  4   样品对小鼠小肠来源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的IC50值

Table  4   IC50 value of the samples for inhibition on α-glucosidase from small intestine in mice

指标根茎叶果实阿卡波糖 IC50（mg/mL）−−−−1.54±0.003

表  5   样品对α-淀粉酶抑制作用的IC50值

Table  5   IC50 value of the samples for inhibition on α-amylase

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