体力活动/锻炼影响认知健康的研究进展

摘要： 目的:瞄准学术前沿明确全球“脑计划”背景下体力活动/锻炼与大脑相关研究的重要理论与实践意义。方法:借助第64届美国运动医学年会暨首次锻炼与大脑基础科学国际会议契机,运用文献综述的方法系统回顾了40年来揭示体力活动/锻炼与大脑关系的研究。结果:越来越多的研究不断验证了心肺健康水平或有氧能力以及体力活动对大脑的认知健康均有积极效益。其机制是改造大脑结构和功能,提高脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、血清胰岛素生长因子(IGF-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VGEF)水平,以及通过提高心血管健康来提升营养运输和废物清除能力等。其中,儿童人群的研究进展相对系统而全面,其次是老年人群。结论:尽管体力活动/锻炼对认知健康的影响机制上取得了不少有关大脑功能与结构的可重复性成果,但是在体力活动/锻炼、大脑、认知三者之间特异性关联模式的确立等问题上仍然面临严峻挑战,需要不断完善和深入。

关键词: 体力活动/锻炼, 大脑, 心肺健康, 有氧运动, 认知健康

Abstract: Objective:To clarify the important theoretical and practical significance of physical activities/exercise and brain-related research in the global "brain plan" context and aim at academic frontiers. Methods:Based on the opportunity of the 64th Annual Meeting of American College of Sports Medicine and the First International Conference on Basic Science of Exercise and the Brain, this paper makes a systematic review of 40 years of research on the relationship between physical activities/exercise and brain. Results: An increasing number of studies have consistently demonstrated that cardiorespiratory fitness or aerobic capacity as well as physical activities that help improve the capacity have positive effects on the cognitive health of the brain, which, in addition to modifying the structure and function of brain, increase the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1, (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF) through a highly-accepted mechanism based on animal models, and enhance nutrient transport and waste clearance by increasing cardiorespiratory fitness. Among them, the current research on children population is relatively systematic and comprehensive, and is followed by that on the elderly population. Conclusion:Although there are many reproducible results about the brain function and structure, including the explanation for the molecular level, the establishment of the specific association mode between exercise, brain and cognition still faces harsh challenges and needs continuous improvement and research . This article also gives some suggestions for future research.

Key words: physical activities/ exercise, brain, cardiorespiratory fitness, aerobic exercise, cognitive health

中图分类号: 

G804.5

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