国家标准化代谢性疾病管理中心(MMC)代谢病管理指南(第二版)

所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突志谢上海智众医疗科技有限公司参考文献

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附录110.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20230216-00072.T008本指南中常见英文缩略词及释义ABI踝肱指数(ankle brachial index)ACEI血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors)ACS急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndromes)AHA美国心脏协会(American Heart Association)AI人工智能(artificial intelligence)API空气污染指数(air pollution index)APP应用程序(application)ARB血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker)ASCVD动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)AUC曲线下面积(area under curve)BMI体重指数(body mass index)CCB钙通道阻滞剂(calcium channel blockers)CDFR中国糖尿病骨折风险模型(Chinese diabetes fracture risk)CHF充血性心力衰竭(congestive heart failure)CKD慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney diseases)DASH终止高血压膳食疗法(dietary approaches to stop hypertension)DL深度学习(deep learning)DPP糖尿病预防计划(Diabetes Prevention Program)DPP-4二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ(dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ)DR糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy)ECG心电图(electrocardiogram)eGFR估算的肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate)FRAX骨折风险评估工具(fracture risk assessment tool)FDC固定复方制剂(fixed dose combination)GDM妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes)GKA葡萄糖激酶激活剂(glucokinase activator)GLP-1胰升糖素样肽1(glucagon-like peptide-1)1C糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin A1C)HDL-C高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol)ICVHMs理想的心血管健康量值(ideal cardiovascular health metrics)LDL-C低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol)LEAD下肢动脉粥样硬化病变(lower-extremity atherosclerotic disease)MARCH中国人群二甲双胍和阿卡波糖初始降糖治疗研究(Metformin and AcaRbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycemic treatment)MeRIAmetaMMC国家标准化代谢性疾病管理中心(National Metabolic Management Center)MOF主要骨质疏松性骨折(major osteoporotic fracture)NLP自然语言处理(natural language processing)OGTT口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test)PCSK9前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9(recombinant proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9)SGLT2钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(sodium-glucose cotransporter 2)SOP标准操作规程(standard operation procedure)SPREAD降糖药的预后及疗效研究(The Study on the Prognosis and Effect of Antidiabetic Drugs)STOP-NIDDM非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病预防研究(the Study TO Prevent Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)TIA短暂性脑缺血发作(temporary ischemic attack)TG三酰甘油(triglyceride)TZD噻唑烷二酮类(thiazolidinedione)UACR尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(urinary albumin/creatinine ratio)UKPDS英国前瞻性糖尿病研究(UK Prospective Diabetes Study)VEGF血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor)VTDR威胁视力的糖尿病性视网膜病变(vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy)WHO世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)附录210.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20230216-00072.T00995类别常用降压药物示例主要不良反应ACEI卡托普利，依那普利，西拉普利，福辛普利，培哚普利，雷米普利，赖诺普利，贝那普利，咪哒普利咳嗽，血钾升高，血管神经性水肿ARB氯沙坦，缬沙坦，厄贝沙坦，坎地沙坦，替米沙坦，奥美沙坦，依普沙坦血钾升高，血管性神经水肿(罕见)CCB??二氢吡啶类硝苯地平，硝苯地平缓释片，硝苯地平控释片，苯磺酸氨氯地平，非洛地平，拉西地平，佩尔地平，尼群地平，尼莫地平，乐卡地平踝部水肿，头痛，潮红非二氢吡啶类地尔硫卓缓释片，维拉帕米缓释片房室传导阻滞，心功能抑制噻嗪类利尿剂氯噻酮，氢氯噻嗪，吲哒帕胺，吲哒帕胺缓释片血钾降低，血钠降低，血尿酸升高襻利尿剂呋塞米血钾减低保钾利尿剂阿米洛利，氨苯蝶啶血钾增高β受体阻滞剂美托洛尔缓释剂，比索洛尔，阿替洛尔，普萘洛尔支气管痉挛，心功能抑制注：ACEI：血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂；ARB：血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂；CCB：钙通道阻滞剂附录310.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20230216-00072.T01096降胆固醇强度常用药物及剂量示例主要不良反应高强度(每日剂量可降低LDL-C≥50%)a绝大多数人对他汀的耐受性良好，其不良反应多见于接受大剂量他汀治疗者。主要不良反应包括头痛、失眠、抑郁、腹泻、腹痛、恶心、消化不良、肝酶升高、肌病中等强度(每日剂量可降低LDL-C 25%~50%)a附录410.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20230216-00072.T01197类别常用药物示例主要不良反应营养神经药物甲钴胺无明显不良反应抗氧化应激药物硫辛酸无明显不良反应抑制醛糖还原酶活性药物依帕司他长期耐受性较好，不良反应较少改善微循环药物前列腺素E1，贝前列腺素钠胃肠道反应，静脉制剂主要是静脉炎

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