零度可乐、零卡雪碧…这些碳酸饮料真的健康吗?
One of the first things to go when "fixing" a diet is that of sugary, calorie-dense beverages, especially the ones we all know and love.
"调整"饮食时,首先要解决的事情之一就是含糖、高热量的饮料,尤其是那些我们都知道和喜爱的饮料。
Sodas, pops, soft drinks or however you call it, no doubt these drinks have a bad track record, to say the least.
苏打水,汽水,软饮料,随便你怎么叫它。毫无疑问,这些饮料经科学证明对人体有害。
However, removing soda from one's diet is much easier said than done.
然而,彻底戒掉苏打水说起来容易,做起来难。
We just enjoy the taste of sugar too much.
我们都太享受糖分的味道。
To combat this, some health advocates have proposed the use of diet sodas as an alternative.
为了解决这个问题,一些健康倡导者提议可以用无糖汽水作为其替代品。
But are these no-calorie derivatives truly better?
但是,这些零卡路里的汽水衍生品真的更好吗?
Or, might they actually be worse?
还是说,它们其实对人体更有害?
Let's find out.
我们一起来看看。
Undoubtedly, the problem with sodas is its sugar content, commonly in the form of high fructose corn syrup.
毫无疑问,苏打汽水的问题是其添加的糖分,这些糖分通常是来自果葡糖浆。
Overconsumption of these sugars in general can lead to a myriad of issues such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, weight gain, and obesity.
一般来说,过度摄入这些糖会导致许多问题,如胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病、高血压、体重增加和肥胖。
But the key word here is "overconsumption".
但这里的关键词是"过度摄入"。
Moderate consumption of sugars actually won't do much harm.
适度摄取糖分其实不会带来太多危害。
After all, we use sugar for energy.
毕竟,我们靠糖来获得能量。
But, the problem today is the fact that SO MANY of our foods contain added sugars, not just soft drinks.
可是,现在的问题是,在我们的饮食中,很多食物,而不仅仅是软饮,都含有添加糖。
Overconsumption is much more easily achieved than ever before.
过量摄入糖分前所未有地容易。
One soda can itself contains roughly 40 grams, or 10 teaspoons worth of sugar.
一罐汽水大约含有40克,或10茶匙的糖。
Just drinking two soda cans per day results in 320 calories all from just sugar.
每天喝两罐汽水就等于摄取了320卡路里的热量,它们都来自糖分。
To deal with at least some of this, in comes artificial sweeteners.
为了至少解决部分问题,人造甜味剂应运而生。
Sodas typically use the artificial sweeteners aspartame and acesulfame potassium, aka ace-k.
苏打水通常使用人工甜味剂阿斯巴甜和安赛蜜钾,也就是ace-k。
Both are substantially sweeter than sugar itself (180x asp 200x acek) while containing zero calories.
两者都比糖本身甜得多(asp180倍 acek200倍),同时不含任何卡路里。
Unfortunately, it's been purported that diet sodas have its own set of issues and aren't good for you either.
不幸的是,无糖汽水也有问题,对人体同样有危害。
But when we look at the actual evidence, we often come to a different finding.
但看看证据,我们通常会有不一样的发现。
A key criticism of diet soda is its impact on insulin.
无糖汽水的一个主要争议是其对胰岛素的影响。
Since diet sodas are sweet just like sugar, the belief is that it can also elicit an insulin response.
人们认为无糖汽水也会引发胰岛素问题,因为它和糖一样甜。
However, since it lacks actual sugar, there is nothing for the secreted insulin to metabolize.
然而,由于它没有糖,那么人体分泌出来的胰岛素就没有东西可以用来代谢。
This purportedly can lead to insulin resistance.
这也会引起胰岛素抵抗。
Insulin resistance can in fact lead to the dreaded type 2 diabetes.
而胰岛素抵抗又会引起可怕的2型糖尿病。
A glaring issue if it were to be true.
如果这是真的,那么无糖饮料的问题就显而易见了。
Fortunately, we have multiple research evidence, and evidence as recent as July of 2018, showing that artificial sweeteners do not, in fact, elicit an insulin response.
幸运的是,我们有多个研究证据可供参考。最近的2018年7月的证据表明,人工甜味剂实际上不会引起胰岛素反应。
It seems that insulin secretion is not closely tied to taste of sweetness, but rather the properties pertaining to sugar itself.
看来,胰岛素的分泌与甜味并没有密切的联系,而是与糖本身的特性紧密相关。
In the case of diabetes, one systematic review of 17 related studies did preliminarily find an increased risk with diet soda.
就糖尿病而言,一个对17项相关研究的系统报告初步发现,无糖汽水会增加患糖尿病的风险。
In fact, they reported that regular soda led to an 18% increased risk of type 2 diabetes per serving while diet sodas had a higher,25% increased risk per serving.
报告表明,每份普通苏打水会使患2型糖尿病的风险增加18%,而无糖苏打水则会使该风险增加25%。
But there were more adjustments made to control for any residual confounding and potential biases in the studies.
但为了控制研究中的残留混淆和潜在偏差,研究者还做了一些调整。
After further adjustment, the associated risk of type 2 diabetes for regular soda reduced by 26% while diet soda's association reduced by a substantial 96%!
经过进一步的调整,他们发现普通汽水致2型糖尿病的风险降低了26%,而无糖汽水降低了96%!
Essentially, the data does not definitively show an association between diet soda and type 2 diabetes.
从本质上说,这些数据并没有明确说明无糖汽水和2型糖尿病之间的联系。
But the concerns didn't stop there.
可是人们对无糖汽水的担忧并没有停止。
There have been research showing other health risk associations with diet soda, such as increased blood pressure, gut dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, cancer and increased risk of stroke.
有研究表明,无糖汽水还有可能导致其他健康问题,比如血压升高、肠道功能紊乱、代谢综合征、癌症和中风风险增加等。
It's important to understand, though, that these are only associations and not evidence of a direct causal link to any health risks and diet soda.
但要注意的是,这些研究发现只是证明了无糖汽水和患病风险之间的联系,而非因果关系。
Many studies, especially ones on cancer and gut dysfunction, only found issues in rat studies where the rats were consuming artificial sweeteners at amounts multiple times greater than humans would ever consume.
许多研究,特别是关于癌症和肠道功能障碍的研究,都只是在老鼠研究中发现了问题,而老鼠摄入人工甜味剂的量是人类摄入的数倍。
Human trials typically show no issue.
人体试验通常没有发现问题。
Also, a potential explanation for these associations is reverse causality.
此外,对这些关联的潜在解释恰恰是反向的因果关系。
Instead of diet soda being the issue, it might be that unhealthy subjects are more likely to drink diet soda in attempt to reduce their sugar intake.
问题可能不出在无糖汽水上,而是身体有问题的人更有可能喝无糖汽水,以减少他们的糖摄入量。
This explains the higher incidences of many of these health risks with diet soda consumption.
这就解释了为什么引用无糖苏打饮料会增加这些患病风险。
And we do have data showing that people consuming diet soda tend to weigh more and have higher BMI levels at baseline compared to those who do not drink any soda.
而且确有数据表明,饮用无糖汽水的人与不喝汽水的人相比,体重更重,身体质量指数也更高。
Even then, to reiterate, there are no causal links, only association.
即使这样,我还是要重申一下,两者间没有因果关系,只是有关联。
With all this being said, which one is better?
那么,哪个更好呢?
Regular or diet soda?
普通苏打还是无糖苏打?
As of now, the data points to diet soda being better for you than regular soda overall.
迄今为止,数据指向了无糖苏打。
The reduction in the added sugars can have a profound effect, especially for those that struggle with excessive sugar consumption.
减少摄入添加糖影响深远,尤其是对那些正在与过量摄入糖作斗争的人。
It's still important to have a decent overall diet and a healthy lifestyle in general.
总的来说,坚持良好的饮食习惯和健康的生活方式仍然很重要。
Just because you drink diet soda now doesn't mean you have the freedom to eat more elsewhere than when you were drinking regular soda.
因为选择喝无糖汽水并不意味着可以大吃特吃。
Like everything in nutrition, moderation is key.
就像所有营养物质一样,适度是关键。
It just so seems that diet soda has a greater threshold.
似乎无糖汽水的门槛更高。
So, as long as you get the rest of your lifestyle in order, feel free to enjoy any of your carbonated concoction from time to time.
所以,只要能够保持健康正常的生活方式,你就可以偶尔安心想用任何碳酸饮料。
And while you're at it, let me know what you think about the soda battle in the comments below.
如果你对这场汽水大战有任何想法或建议,请在下方评论区告诉我哦。
Thumbs up the video if you enjoyed it and share it with your soda-loving friends.
如果你喜欢这个视频,别忘了点赞还有分享给你喜欢喝汽水的朋友。;
As always, thank you for watching and GET YOUR PROTEIN!
再次感谢您的观看,别忘了补充蛋白质哦!
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