美国儿童青少年心理健康监测六十年:监测框架发展分析与启示

摘要： 心理健康监测对儿童青少年心理问题识别和心理健康促进具有重要意义,是我国当前教育工作的重点。美国的儿童青少年心理健康监测起步早、发展快,1960年至今的六十年间,已历经前监测阶段、风险行为监测阶段、综合心理健康监测阶段和心理-神经科学整合阶段四个阶段,涵盖十一个监测项目,发展出较为全面的监测框架。监测框架中所含指标丰富,可分为心理健康与心理健康影响因素两个部分。其中,心理健康部分包括精神障碍、情绪行为问题以及积极心理三部分下属的六十余种指标;心理健康影响因素部分包含个体、家庭和社会层级下的五十余种风险和保护因子。同时,监测工具高度成熟化、监测系统高度科技化。美国在该领域的丰富经验对我国及时改进框架设计,加强监测指标的深度和广度以及监测工具的开发都提供了良好的借鉴和启示。

关键词: 心理健康, 监测, 儿童青少年, 美国

Abstract: Mental health monitoring is of great significance to the identification and promotion of mental health of children and adolescents,and is the focus of current education work in China.The mental health monitoring of children and adolescents started early and developed rapidly in the United States.In the 60 years from 1960 to now,it has gone through four stages:pre-monitoring stage,death and risk behavior monitoring stage,comprehensive mental health monitoring stage,and psychological neuroscience integration stage.Covering 11 monitoring projects,it has developed a more comprehensive monitoring framework.The monitoring framework contains rich indicators,which can be divided into two parts:mental health and the influencing factors of mental health.The mental health includes more than 60 indicators of mental disorders,emotional and behavioral problems,and positive mental health.The influencing factors of mental health include more than 50 kinds of risk and protective factors at individual,domestic,and social levels.At the same time,the monitoring tools are highly mature and the monitoring system is highly technological.The rich experience of the United States in this field provides good reference and inspiration for us China to improve the framework design over time,strengthen the depth and breadth of monitoring indicators and develop monitoring tools.

Key words: mental health, monitoring, children and adolescents, the United States

中图分类号: 

B844

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